Drive network to a desired orbit by pinning control

summary:The primary objective of the present paper is to develop an approach for analyzing pinning synchronization stability in a complex delayed dynamical network with directed coupling. Some simple yet generic criteria for pinning such coupled network are derived analytically. Compared with some existing works, the primary contribution is that the synchronization manifold could be chosen as a weighted average of all the nodes states in the network for the sake of practical control tactics, which displays the different influences and contributions of the various nodes in synchronization seeking processes of the dynamical network. Furthermore, it is shown that in order to drive a complex network to a desired synchronization state, the coupling strength should vary according to the controller. In addition, the theoretical results about the time-invariant network is extended to the time-varying network, and the result on synchronization problem can also be extended to the consensus problem of networked multi-agent systems. Subsequently, the theoretic results are illustrated by a typical scale-free (SF) neuronal network. Numerical simulations with three kinds of the homogenous solutions, including an equilibrium point, a periodic orbit, and a chaotic attractor, are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology

Asymptotic Behavior for Radially Symmetric Solutions of a Logistic Equation with a Free Boundary

In this paper we investigate a logistic equation with a new free boundary condition appearing in ecology, we aim to describe the spreading of a new or invasive species by studying the asymptotic behavior of the radially symmetric solutions of the problem. We will obtain a trichotomy result: spreading (the solution converges to a stationary solution defined on the half–line), transition (the solution converges to a stationary solution with compact support) and vanishing (the solution converges to 0 within a finite time). Besides we can also obtain a dichotomy result (either spreading or vanishing happens). Moreover, in the spreading case, we give the sharp estimate of the asymptotic spreading speed of the free boundary

Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a Fisher equation with free boundaries and nonlocal term

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a Fisher equation with free boundaries and the nonlocal term (an integral convolution in space). This problem can model the spreading of a biological or chemical species, where free boundaries represent the spreading fronts of the species. We give a dichotomy result, that is, the solution either converges to $1$ locally uniformly in $\mathbb{R}$, or to $0$ uniformly in the occupying domain. Moreover, we give the sharp threshold when the initial data $u_0=\sigma \phi$, that is, there exists $\sigma^*>0$ such that spreading happens when $\sigma>\sigma^*$, and vanishing happens when $\sigma\leq \sigma^*$

Asymptotic behavior of solutions of a Fisher equation with free boundaries and nonlocal term

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a Fisher equation with free boundaries and the nonlocal term (an integral convolution in space). This problem can model the spreading of a biological or chemical species, where free boundaries represent the spreading fronts of the species. We give a dichotomy result, that is, the solution either converges to 1 locally uniformly in R, or to 0 uniformly in the occupying domain. Moreover, we give the sharp threshold when the initial data u0 = σφ, that is, there exists σ ∗ > 0 such that spreading happens when σ > σ , and vanishing happens when σ ≤

Pervasive hybridization during evolutionary radiation of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes in mountains of southwest China

Radiations are especially important for generating species biodiversity in mountainous ecosystems. The contribution of hybridization to such radiations has rarely been examined. Here, we use extensive genomic data to test whether hybridization was involved in evolutionary radiation within Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes, whose members show strong geographic isolation in the mountains of southwest China. We sequenced genomes for 143 species of this subgenus and 93 species of four other subgenera, and found that Hymenanthes was monophyletic and radiated during the late Oligocene to middle Miocene. Widespread hybridization events were inferred within and between the identified clades and subclades. This suggests that hybridization occurred both early and late during diversification of subgenus Hymenanthes, although the extent to which hybridization, speciation through mixing-isolation-mixing or hybrid speciation, accelerated the diversification needs further exploration. Cycles of isolation and contact in such and other montane ecosystems may have together promoted species radiation through hybridization between diverging populations and species. Similar radiation processes may apply to other montane floras in this region and elsewhere

Hierarchical bismuth vanadate/reduced graphene oxide composite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and bisphenol A degradation

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is a widely studied photocatalyst for the depollution of contaminated wastewater, production of hydrogen by water splitting, and organic synthesis. The photophysical properties of BiVO4 are sensitive to morphology and quantum confinement effects, and can exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance in nanocomposites with graphene. Synthesis of hierarchical BiVO4 plates decorated by nanoparticles (h-BiVO4) in contact with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported via a facile one-pot solution phase approach using ethanolamine and a polyethylene glycol stabilizer. The resulting h-BiVO4/RGO photocatalyst exhibited superior photoactivity for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation and hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation compared to single component h-BiVO4 or a μm-sized block-like BiVO4 morphology. Rates of BPA photocatalytic degradation and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) decreased in the order h-BiVO4/RGO (4.5 × 10−2 mmol.g−1.min−1; 15.1% AQE) > h-BiVO4 (3.5 × 10−2 mmol.g−1.min−1; 11.7% AQE) > BiVO4 (1 × 10−2 mmol.g−1.min−1; 3.4% AQE), representing a 4.5 fold enhancement for h-BiVO4/RGO versus BiVO4. Liquid phase photodegradation products included benzene-1,4-diol, cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione and (2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid. The rate of photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light was 11.5 µmol.g−1.h−1 for h-BiVO4/RGO, ~383.3 times greater than for BiVO4 (0.03µmol.g−1.h−1). The superior photocatalytic performance of h-BiVO4/RGO is largely attributed to its higher surface area, aided by enhanced visible light absorption and charge separation across the semiconductor-RGO interface, which together confer a higher density and lifetime of photoexcited charge carriers

Evaluation and Improvement of FY-4A/AGRI Sea Surface Temperature Data

The advanced geosynchronous radiation imager (AGRI) aboard the Chinese Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) satellite can provide operational hourly sea surface temperature (SST) product. However, the temporal and spatial variation of the errors for this product is still unclear. In this article, FY-4A/AGRI SST is evaluated using the in situ SST from 2019-2021, and a cumulative distribution function matching method is adopted to reduce the errors. Statistical results show that the mean bias and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of FY-4A/AGRI SST are −0.37 °C and 0.98 °C, the median and robust standard deviation (RSD) are −0.30 °C and 0.90 °C. The variations in daily and monthly errors are large and there are no prominent seasonal variations during the period analyzed. There are negative biases exceeding −1.0 °C in low-mid latitude regions and larger positive biases in southern high latitude region. There are dependencies of satellite SST minus in situ SST on satellite zenith angle and on SST itself. After the bias correction, the bias and RMSE are reduced to −0.02 °C and 0.72 °C, and the median and RSD are reduced to 0.00 °C and 0.60 °C. On the time scale, the fluctuation ranges of bias and median are smaller. The difference of satellite SST minus in situ SST can reflect the diurnal variation of SST. The biases are generally within ±0.2 °C in full disk. The error dependencies on satellite zenith angle and SST are also greatly reduced

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic Pomatosace filicula

Pomatosace filicula (Primulaceae) is an alpine biennial endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is regarded as a kind of traditional Tibetan medicine. We assembled the whole chloroplast genome sequence of this endangered species based on Illumina pair-end sequencing data. The complete chloroplast genome was estimated to be 151,277 bp in length, comprising a large single copy region of 82,039 bp and a small single copy region of 23,848 bp, separated by a pair of 22,695 bp inverted repeat regions. The genome contained 121 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes (74 PCG species), 29 tRNA genes (24 tRNA species), and eight ribosomal RNA genes (four rRNA species). The overall AT content of P. filicula chloroplast genome is estimated to be 62.59%. This genetic resource will facilitate further conservation genetic studies of P. filicula based on designing new chloroplast DNA markers

Detection of HIV cDNA Point Mutations with Rolling-Circle Amplification Arrays

In this paper we describe an isothermal rolling-circle amplification (RCA) protocol to detect gene point mutations on chips. The method is based on an allele-specific oligonucleotide circularization mediated by a special DNA ligase. The probe is circularized when perfect complementary sequences between the probe oligonucleotide and HIV cDNA gene. Mismatches around the ligation site can prevent probe circularization. The circularized probe (C-probe) can be amplified by rolling circle amplification to generate multimeric singlestranded DNA (ssDNA) under isothermal conditions. There are four sequence regions to bind respectively with fluorescent probe, RCA primer, solid probe and HIV cDNA template in the C-probe which we designed. These ssDNA products are hybridized with fluorescent probes and solid probes which are immobilized on a glass slide composing a regular microarray pattern. The fluorescence signals can be monitored by a scanner in the presence of HIV cDNA templates, whereas the probes cannot be circularized and signal of fluorescence cannot be found. The RCA array has capability of high-throughput detection of the point mutation and the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).The development of C-probe-based technologies offers a promising prospect for situ detection, microarray, molecular diagnosis, single nucleotide polymorphism, and whole genome amplification